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Available courses

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – COURSE OUTLINE

Course Description

Organic Chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds. This course provides foundational understanding necessary for careers in chemistry, biology, pharmacy, medicine, and related fields.

Course Objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

  1. Understand bonding, structure, and properties of organic molecules.

  2. Classify and name organic compounds using IUPAC nomenclature.

  3. Predict and explain reaction mechanisms.

  4. Perform basic organic synthesis and purification techniques.

  5. Relate organic chemistry concepts to biological and industrial applications.

COURSE CONTENT / OUTLINE

Unit 1: Introduction to Organic Chemistry

  • Definition and scope of organic chemistry

  • Unique nature of carbon

  • Classification of organic compounds

  • Functional groups overview

  • Hybridization and molecular shapes

Unit 2: Structure and Bonding

  • Covalent bonding and bond polarity

  • Resonance and inductive effects

  • Isomerism: structural, geometrical, and optical

  • Representation of organic molecules (condensed, line, and 3D structures)

Unit 3: Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

  • IUPAC rules for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics

  • Functional group naming (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, etc.)

  • Common names vs. systematic names

Unit 4: Hydrocarbons

  • Alkanes: structure, sources, reactions (combustion, halogenation)

  • Alkenes and Alkynes: structure, preparation, addition reactions

  • Aromatic hydrocarbons (Benzene): structure, stability, electrophilic substitution reactions

Unit 5: Stereochemistry

  • Concept of chirality and enantiomers

  • Optical activity and racemic mixtures

  • Configuration (R/S system)

  • Conformational analysis of alkanes and cycloalkanes

Unit 6: Organic Reaction Mechanisms

  • Reaction types: addition, substitution, elimination, rearrangement

  • Reaction intermediates: carbocations, carbanions, free radicals

  • Mechanistic steps and energy diagrams

Unit 7: Functional Group Chemistry

  1. Alkyl halides: nucleophilic substitution (SN1, SN2), elimination (E1, E2)

  2. Alcohols and phenols: preparation, oxidation, dehydration

  3. Aldehydes and ketones: nucleophilic addition, oxidation/reduction reactions

  4. Carboxylic acids and derivatives: acidity, esterification, hydrolysis

  5. Amines and amides: basicity, acylation, diazotization

Unit 8: Biomolecules (Introductory)

  • Carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

  • Lipids: structure and reactions of fats and oils

  • Proteins: amino acids, peptide bond formation, structure

  • Nucleic acids: basic components and structure

Unit 9: Spectroscopy and Structure Determination

  • Introduction to IR, UV, NMR, and Mass Spectroscopy

  • Identifying functional groups and structures

Unit 10: Laboratory Component

  • Safety in organic chemistry laboratory

  • Techniques: distillation, recrystallization, extraction, chromatography

  • Simple synthesis and purification experiments

  • Qualitative analysis of organic compounds